火星车双向抽展式转移坡道展开原理及特性分析

我国首次火星探测任务将于2020年实施,一步实现"绕""着""巡"的目标。着陆器在火星表面软着陆后,火星车能否沿转移坡道安全转移至火星表面,关系着本次任务的成败。从火星车转移坡道功能要求出发,提出了一种双向抽展式转移坡道方案,解决了大展出比、驱动共用、可靠展开等关键问题,对其展开原理及力学特性进行分析,并开展了模拟火星重力环境的展开试验,为我国火星车转移坡道设计提供参考。     

空间充气薄膜衍射成像结构的热力耦合分析

随着空间光学技术的发展,衍射成像系统成为空间光学领域的研究热点。提出了一种充气薄膜衍射成像结构设计方案,针对其在空间热载荷作用下的热力耦合效应开展研究。建立了充气薄膜衍射成像结构的热力耦合顺序分析框架,基于I DEAS和ANSYS软件二次开发技术,实现了热力耦合数值分析,得到了结构在轨运行时的瞬态温度场、热应力、热变形等。分析结果表明,充气支撑结构产生了较大热变形,但最大热应力远小于聚酰亚胺薄膜材料的抗拉强度,而镜面中心处没有出现较大的热变形响应,为充气薄膜衍射成像结构的防热设计提供了技术支持。     

高速转子连接结构刚度损失及振动特性

高负荷航空发动机转子的转速和支点跨度不断加大,使得转子弯曲刚度下降,并在工作中具有一定弯曲变形。转子弯曲变形时,连接界面会存在刚度损失,需考虑转子弯曲变形对连接界面刚度特性及转子系统振动特性的影响。提出了定量描述连接界面刚度损失的力学模型,并针对非连续转子系统的动力学设计,提出了基于应变能分布优化的连接结构刚度损失抑制方法。数值仿真结果表明:转子弯曲变形下,连接界面刚度损失显著,会使转子弯曲临界转速大幅降低;通过转子应变能分布优化设计可有效降低连接界面刚度损失对转子系统振动特性的影响,对转子系统振动特性优化设计具有重要的指导意义。      

A robust semi-analytic method to solve the minimum ΔV two-impulse rendezvous problem

A novel semi-analytic approach is developed to determine the minimum $\mathrm{\Delta }V$ for a two-impulse rendezvous and validated both empirically and analytically. A previously published closed-form $\mathrm{\Delta }V$ estimate and the Lambert minimum energy transfer is used to establish upper and lower bounds of the minimum $\mathrm{\Delta }V$ transfer between two orbits. These bounds, in conjunction with the bisection method, operate on a nonlinear radical cost function to guarantee linear convergence. This approach has several real world applications including a low earth orbit (LEO) to highly elliptical orbit (HEO), and a HEO to retrograde geosynchronous orbit transfer. The minimum $\mathrm{\Delta }V$ estimates are better than those reported in the existing literature, while run times improved as much as two orders of magnitude over a fixed time Lambert solver. All singularity cases were addressed such that any orbital geometry, including Hohmann and radial elliptic transfers, converged to the global minimum $\mathrm{\Delta }V$. This approach will work for both coplanar and non-coplanar 3D geometries for any orbit type.     

燃气源控制气流非稳态耦合传热问题研究(Ⅰ)--计算模型和方法

针对某燃气源控制气流与导热套环之间的非稳态耦合传热问题,建立了数学模型,并采用整体求解的方法进行求解,即把流体区域的流动和对流换热与固体区域的导热过程组合起来,作为一个统一换热过程来处理。为确保计算结果在物理上的真实性,采用“假密度”法求解以温度T为求解变量的能量方程。对于非稳态控制方程离散后的离散方程采用了PISO方法进行求解。     

灵敏小卫星能量/姿态一体化控制研究

研究应用变速控制力矩陀螺群(VSCMGs, Variable Speed Control Moment Gyros)作为主执行机构,完成灵敏小卫星多目标快速姿态机动时的能量/姿态一体化控制问题.在考虑执行机构饱和、机动任务要求和敏感器测量与跟踪能力受限等情况下,设计了非线性的姿态/能量一体化控制器,对由于频繁的姿态机动引起的姿态四元数的漂移进行了整定.设计了VSCMGs的操纵律.按是否接近框架构型奇异,合理分配了操纵任务,并设计了相应的操纵方法.对采用金字塔构型的VSCMGs进行了较为严格的仿真,结果表明卫星在机动中达到了快速和稳定的要求,同时能够满足能量控制要求和VSCMGs转子转速的平衡.     

Thermal performance of a 3D printed lattice-structure heat sink packaging phase change material

Thermal storage technology is becoming more and more significant with the increase of high-power equipment in space applications. In this paper, 3D printing technology and Phase Change Material (PCM) were combined into a Thermal Energy Storage (TES) system, which could fulfill the requirements of light weight and high thermal conductivity. A 3D-printed lattice-structure TES plate with N-tetradecane as the PCM and aluminum alloy as the thermal conductivity enhancer was manufactured, and experimentally tested in a thermal vacuum chamber. In addition, a simplified simulation model of the lattice cell was established to clearly analyze the heat transfer process of the TES plate. The effects of initial temperature distribution and heat load gradient on the thermal storage performances were investigated experimentally and theoretically. The equivalent thermal conductivity of the 3D-printed lattice-structure TES plate turns out to be 13 times of the pure PCM thanks to the aluminum skeleton. The heat transfer enhancement appears at the end of the phase change stage due to the sudden mixture of the PCM with different temperature. The simulation results agree well with the experimental data. The equivalent thermal conductivity obtained by the phase change simulations are a little higher than those of the experiments, which is mainly caused by the initial uneven temperature distribution in the tests. Additionally, the effects of non-uniform heat load and the presence of the PCM in the TES plate are studied. This work successfully validates the feasibility and effectiveness of 3D printing technology and TES technology for the temperature control in space applications.     

超（近）临界压力航空煤油RP-3的拟过冷沸腾传热特性

为了研究吸热型碳氢燃料在新型飞行器中的再生冷却性能,采用电加热方式,在热流密度0.1-1.0MW/m2和质量流速500-1000kg/m2s条件下,小通道圆管内（D=1.6mm）研究了超（近）临界压力下（P=3MPa）航空煤油RP-3的拟沸腾流动传热特性。研究发现了超（近）临界压力航空煤油的拟过冷沸腾传热现象。拟过冷沸腾壁温变化特征和传热恶化特征与亚临界压力下的相应特征存在差异。超临界压力航空煤油传热区域划分为类液态强制对流传热区、拟过冷沸腾区和类气态强制对流传热区。拟过冷沸腾壁温和传热系数随流体温度增加而缓慢增加,起到传热强化的作用;拟临界温度区域,存在传热系数极小值点,燃料发生传热弱化;燃料温度大于拟临界温度,燃料处于超临界类气态,传热大幅强化。     

1.5级大子午扩张涡轮非定常流动和传热特性分析

大子午扩张涡轮端壁二次流与热负荷之间的关系,对于端壁冷却非常重要。本文采用几何约化法,对某1.5级大子午扩张涡轮进行数值模拟,研究了大子午扩张涡轮上端壁非定常流动和传热特性。计算结果表明：大子午扩张涡轮上通道涡尺度较大且位置发生改变,沿径向向下移动约20%叶高;R1出口泄漏涡、通道涡和尾迹是造成S2流动和传热非定常性的主要因素;传热与二次流密切相关,对传热研究必须与流动相结合。研究结果将有助于提高对大子午扩张涡轮端壁非定常流动和传热特性的认识。     

一种计算金属二次电子发射系数的解析模型

精确的金属材料二次电子发射系数模型对于计算空间大功率微波部件的微放电功率阈值至关重要,而现有的二次电子发射系数模型在准确性和工程应用两方面不能兼顾。通过分析二次电子的逸出几率,结合修正的Bethe能量损失规律,建立了金属材料二次电子发射系数的解析模型。进一步以未清洗的和Ar离子清洗过的Ag材料为例,用解析模型对试验测量值进行了拟合,在获得解析模型中关键参数的基础上建立了Ag材料二次电子发射系数模型。计算结果显示,在不同入射角度下未清洗和清洗Ag 材料的模型计算值与试验值的均方差在4%以内,表明提出的解析模型在减少拟合参数的基础上能够获得具体金属材料精确的二次电子发射系数模型,可用于精确模拟空间大功率微波部件的微放电功率阈值和加速器内部的电子云浓度。